A recent conversation left me with a question I have not been able to shake off.
How much must happen to a woman before we listen to her? How much pain must she experience before we believe her? How visible must the damage be before she deserves protection, care or the freedom to make a decision about her own body?
September is a fitting month to sit with these questions. World Sexual Health Day was observed on September 4.
Later this month, on September 28, the world will mark International Safe Abortion Day. These commemorations encourage us to speak about sexual health, dignity, rights and access to care. But they should also push us beyond slogans and campaigns. They should make us examine the conditions under which women are allowed to exercise those rights.
In Zimbabwe, abortion is permitted under very limited circumstances. The Termination of Pregnancy Act allows it where the pregnancy threatens the woman’s life or risks permanently impairing her physical health. It is also permitted where there is a serious risk of severe foetal impairment, or where the pregnancy resulted from unlawful intercourse, including rape or incest.
These exceptions recognise that there are circumstances in which continuing a pregnancy may cause serious harm. That recognition matters. But it also presents us with an uncomfortable truth.
The law does not begin with a woman’s decision. In my opinion, it begins by asking whether she has suffered enough to qualify for an exception. In cases of rape or incest, a woman’s ability to access a service is tied to a violation that has already happened to her.
She must first be harmed before the law considers that she may have a reason not to continue the pregnancy. Even then, permission on paper does not always mean access in practice. A survivor may have to report what happened. She may have to repeat her story to the police, healthcare workers and other officials. She may have to navigate legal and medical processes while dealing with trauma and an unwanted pregnancy. She may also face questions from her family and community.
Was it really rape? Why was she there? Why did she not report immediately? Why did she not fight back? Why did she wait? The violence happens once, but she may be required to relive it many times before she receives help.
We see similar patterns in the way society responds to other forms of gender-based violence. Zimbabwe’s Domestic Violence Act recognises that abuse is not only physical. Domestic violence can include emotional, psychological and economic abuse, intimidation and harassment. Yet, when a woman says she is being abused, one of the first questions from society is often whether he has hit her. Are there bruises? Was she admitted to hospital? Did she make a police report?
Emotional abuse can be dismissed as a difficult relationship. Economic control may be treated as a private family matter. Threats are sometimes ignored because “nothing has happened yet.” We tell women to seek help. But when they seek help before the violence becomes physical, we may tell them that the situation is not serious enough. When they stay and the violence escalates, we ask why they did not leave earlier.
At what point, then, are women supposed to be believed?
The same thinking follows survivors of sexual violence. Society has created an image of what a “real” survivor should look like. She should report immediately. She should remember every detail. She should have resisted. She should have been sober. She should be visibly distressed. She should have no relationship with the person who violated her. If her response does not match these expectations, doubt begins to replace compassion.
We focus on whether she performed trauma in a way that convinces us. Her word is not enough. Her fear is not enough. Her discomfort is not enough. We wait for injuries, witnesses or other evidence that makes her suffering undeniable. Young girls face this burden too. Sometimes, sexual abuse or exploitation only receives serious attention when a pregnancy makes it visible. The pregnancy becomes evidence that something happened. Yet there may have been signs before it. The girl may have spoken. Someone may have noticed changes in her behaviour. People may have known that an older man was involved with her.
Why must her body carry the evidence before adults act?
This pattern also appears in workplaces and learning institutions. A woman may raise concerns about inappropriate comments, unwanted messages or persistent advances. She may be told that the person was joking, being friendly or paying her a compliment. She is encouraged not to overreact. Often, action is only taken when the behaviour escalates, more women come forward or the matter becomes public. Once again, the early “no” is not treated as enough. Something worse must happen first.
Across these experiences, we appear more comfortable recognising women as victims than recognising them as decision-makers. We know how to sympathise with the woman who has been raped, beaten or placed in mortal danger. We struggle to trust the woman who speaks before there are bruises.
We struggle to accept the decision of the woman whose circumstances do not fit neatly into the narrow categories we have created. This produces a hierarchy of deserving women.
The woman whose pregnancy resulted from rape may be considered deserving. The woman whose life is in danger may be deserving. The woman with visible injuries may be deserving.
The girl whose abuse has resulted in pregnancy may finally be deserving of intervention. But what about the woman who simply says: “I cannot continue with this pregnancy”? What about the woman whose health is affected, but perhaps not permanently enough to meet the legal threshold? What about the woman whose education, livelihood or future will be fundamentally changed? What about the woman who knows that she does not have the emotional, social or financial capacity to continue a pregnancy?
Are her reasons not enough because they are not tragic enough? Abortion remains a difficult subject in Zimbabwe. It sits at the intersection of law, religion, culture, medicine and personal values. People will not agree on every aspect of it. But we do not have to agree on everything to ask whether our current system responds to women with dignity and compassion.
We should be able to ask whether a law enacted in 1977 still reflects the realities women and girls face today. We should ask whether the legal exceptions can be accessed in time and without causing further trauma. We should ask what happens to those who fall outside the exceptions. They do not simply disappear.
Some continue pregnancies they are not prepared for. Some leave school. Some face rejection from their families. Some seek unsafe services in secrecy. Some suffer serious health complications. Some die.
Restricting a service does not always remove the need for it. It can simply determine who accesses it safely and who is forced to take a risk. As we move towards International Safe Abortion Day on September 28, perhaps the conversation should not only be about whether abortion is right or wrong. We should also ask what it means for healthcare to become available only after violence, danger or catastrophe. We should ask why a woman’s pain is sometimes easier to recognise than her autonomy.
We should ask why her body must present evidence before her voice is taken seriously. Most importantly, we should ask whether women must continue proving that they have suffered enough before the law listens to them.
Originally published in the Zimbabwe Independent, September 25–October 1, 2026, in the New Horizon column



